What is the chronological timeline of the Indus valley civilization?

The Indus Valley civilization, also known as the Harappan civilization, flourished from approximately 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. The civilization was located in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. The chronological timeline of this ancient civilization is divided into three phases - the Early Harappan period (3300-2600 BCE), the Mature Harappan period (2600-1900 BCE), and the Late Harappan period (1900-1300 BCE). During the Early Harappan period, small agricultural communities developed along the Indus River. The Mature Harappan period witnessed the peak of the civilization's prosperity, with the rise of large urban centers, sophisticated urban planning, advanced drainage systems, and impressive architecture. The Late Harappan period marks the decline of the civilization due to various factors, such as environmental changes, shifts in trade routes, and possibly internal conflicts. The exact reasons for the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization remain a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists.

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