What is the history of animal cell culture?

Animal cell culture, a vital technique in the field of biotechnology, has a fascinating history that dates back to the late 19th century. The initial experiments in cell culture involved the growth of mammalian cells outside living organisms, with rudimentary techniques utilizing pieces of tissues. However, it was not until the early 20th century that Alexis Carrel, a pioneering French surgeon, developed the first successful methods for sustaining animal cells in culture. His work revolutionized the field, leading to advancements such as the establishment of immortal cell lines and the use of serum and defined media to support cell growth. Since then, animal cell culture has continuously evolved, with refinements in techniques, media composition, and understanding of cellular behavior. Today, it is a fundamental tool used in various scientific disciplines, including drug discovery, vaccine production, and regenerative medicine.

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