Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the initial step in cellular respiration. It involves the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate with the production of ATP. The pathway consists of ten steps, with each step being catalyzed by a specific enzyme. The first five steps require energy from two ATP molecules, while the last five steps generate a net gain of two ATP molecules. The steps of glycolysis include glucose phosphorylation, isomerization, aldolase cleavage, triose phosphate isomerization and oxidation, phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, and pyruvate production.
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