How is TRPM8 activated by cold temperatures?
TRPM8 is a temperature-gated ion channel that is activated by a drop in temperature, which is known as cold sensation. This cold receptor is found in various sensory neurons, including those that innervate the skin, mouth, and respiratory tract. When temperatures drop below 25°C, TRPM8 channels open, allowing positively charged ions, including calcium and sodium, to flow into the cells. This depolarizes the neurons, generating action potentials that travel to the central nervous system and convey cold sensations. The activation of TRPM8 by cold temperatures is thought to involve changes in the conformation of the channel protein, which opens the pore and allows ions to pass through. Additionally, the presence of certain lipids and compounds, such as menthol and icilin, can also activate TRPM8 channels, providing an alternative pathway for cold sensation.
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