How did foreign powers react to the Qing's efforts to limit the opium trade?

Foreign powers had mixed reactions to the Qing Dynasty's efforts to limit the opium trade. While some countries recognized the Chinese government's goal of curbing drug addiction and supported their efforts, others saw it as a threat to their economic interests. The British, for example, were heavily involved in the opium trade and refused to comply with the Qing's restrictions. This eventually led to the First Opium War, where British forces defeated the Chinese and forced them to sign the Treaty of Nanking, which legalized the opium trade and opened several Chinese ports for foreign trade. Similarly, other foreign powers such as France and the United States also had vested interests in the opium trade and were reluctant to comply with the Qing's measures. As a result, their reactions were often marked by resistance rather than cooperation.

This mind map was published on 18 September 2023 and has been viewed 119 times.