How do pilots communicate with air traffic control?

Pilots communicate with air traffic control using two-way radio communications. Before takeoff, the pilot contacts ground control to obtain clearance and then communicates with departure control to receive guidance on airspace clearance and routing. Once in the air, the pilot is handed over to the appropriate en-route control sector, and finally to the destination airport's approach control. The pilot is then cleared to land by the tower controller, who communicates with the pilot on the final approach. Throughout the flight, the air traffic controllers provide the pilot with flight information, routing guidance, weather and wind updates, and clearance for takeoff and landing. Clear communication between the pilot and air traffic control is critical for a safe and efficient flight.

This mind map was published on 18 April 2023 and has been viewed 60 times.