What are Ibn Sina's proofs for the existence of God?

Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, presents several proofs for the existence of God in his philosophical works. One of his main arguments is the proof from contingency, which posits that everything in the world is contingent and must therefore be caused by something else. Since an infinite regress of causes is impossible, there must be a necessary being that causes all contingent beings, which Ibn Sina identifies as God. Another argument he offers is the proof from design, which argues that the order and complexity in the world suggest a divine intelligence behind creation. Additionally, Ibn Sina presents the proof from gradation, which asserts that there must be a highest and most perfect being to serve as a standard for all other beings. These proofs, along with others, form the basis of Ibn Sina's metaphysical arguments for the existence of God.

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