How does photosynthesis occur?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. The process occurs in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. In the light-dependent reactions, chlorophyll in the chloroplasts capture light energy and transform it into chemical energy in the form of ATP. Water is also split to release oxygen gas as a byproduct. In the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into sugar with the help of ATP and the reducing power of NADPH, which was produced in the light-dependent reactions. The overall equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2.

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