Ancient India had a complex system of social stratification based on birth and occupation. This system, known as the caste system, placed individuals into specific social groups, or castes, from birth. The four main castes were the Brahmins, who were priests and scholars; the Kshatriyas, who were warriors and rulers; the Vaishyas, who were traders and merchants; and the Shudras, who were laborers and servants. Outside of these castes were the Dalits, or untouchables, who were considered outside of the caste system and faced extreme discrimination. The caste system was intertwined with religious beliefs and practices, with each caste having its own customs and restrictions. This social structure influenced all aspects of life in ancient India, including marriage, education, and occupation.
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