What are the different phases of the tunnel construction project?

The construction of a tunnel typically involves several distinct phases. The initial phase is the planning and design process, wherein engineers assess the feasibility of the project, conduct geological surveys, and establish the intended purpose and specifications of the tunnel. This is followed by the excavation phase, where various methods are employed to dig out the tunnel, such as drilling and blasting, tunnel boring machines, or cut and cover techniques. The next phase involves the construction of the tunnel lining, which provides structural support and protection against water ingress. This can be done using reinforced concrete, precast segments, or steel supports. The final phase includes finishing touches, such as installing ventilation, lighting, drainage systems, and electrical infrastructure. Finally, rigorous testing and inspection are conducted to ensure the tunnel's safety and performance before it is opened for public use.

This mind map was published on 19 September 2023 and has been viewed 95 times.