What were the causes of the Thirty Years War?
The Thirty Years War was primarily caused by religious conflicts between Catholic and Protestant states in Europe, as well as power struggles among rulers seeking to expand their territories and influence. The war began in 1618 in the Holy Roman Empire and spread to involve most of the major European powers. The signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 marked the end of the war, which had resulted in widespread destruction and devastation across the continent.
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