How is sample size determined in medical research studies?

Sample size in medical research studies is determined through statistical calculations that take into account various factors such as the research question, hypothesis, statistical significance level, expected effect size, and variability in the data. A larger sample size is generally preferred as it increases the power and reduces the likelihood of false positive or negative results. However, an excessively large sample size may also lead to unnecessary costs and ethical concerns. Therefore, sample size is often determined through a balance between statistical and practical considerations while ensuring that the study has sufficient power to answer the research question.

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