How are vertebrates and invertebrates classified?

Vertebrates and invertebrates are two distinct groups of animals, classified based on the presence or absence of a backbone. Vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, possess a well-developed internal skeleton made up of bones or cartilage, which provides support and protection for their bodies. On the other hand, invertebrates lack a backbone and encompass a vast array of organisms, such as insects, arachnids, mollusks, crustaceans, worms, and many more. Invertebrates typically have exoskeletons, shells, or a soft body structure, which fulfills a similar role to the vertebrate skeleton. Additionally, classification within each group is further organized based on diverse characteristics and anatomical features that distinguish various species.

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