What is the structure of high density lipoproteins?

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are composed of a complex structure consisting of proteins, lipids, and cholesterol. The main protein component of HDL is called apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), which forms a scaffold for the lipids. The lipids in HDL include cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. These lipids are packaged within the core of HDL, with cholesterol being the dominant lipid. The outer surface of HDL is coated with phospholipids and other proteins, including apolipoprotein A2 (apoA2) and apolipoprotein E (apoE). This structural arrangement allows HDL to function as a shuttle, picking up excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and transporting it to the liver for disposal. The unique structure of HDL contributes to its role in reverse cholesterol transport and its protective effects against cardiovascular disease.

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