How are igneous rocks formed?

Igneous rocks are formed when magma, created by melting rocks deep within the earth, rises to the surface and cools and solidifies. Alternatively, magma that cools and solidifies beneath the earth's surface can also form igneous rocks. As the magma cools, it crystallizes and forms interlocking mineral crystals that give the rock its characteristic texture and appearance. Due to the different cooling rates and mineral compositions, igneous rocks can vary widely in appearance, from smooth and glassy to dense and granular. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and pumice.

This mind map was published on 18 May 2023 and has been viewed 116 times.