What are the specific mechanisms by which the central and peripheral nervous system generate chronic pain?

Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction between the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, plays a crucial role in processing and transmitting pain signals. In the context of chronic pain, maladaptive changes occur within the central nervous system, leading to enhanced pain responses and persistent pain even after the initial injury or pathology has healed. These changes involve a phenomenon called central sensitization, where the neurons in the central nervous system become hyperexcitable and amplify pain signals. On the other hand, the peripheral nervous system, which comprises sensory nerves and receptors located throughout the body, also contribute to chronic pain by sensitizing the peripheral nerves and increasing their sensitivity to pain stimuli. This peripheral sensitization can occur due to ongoing tissue damage, inflammation, or nerve injury. Overall, the precise mechanisms through which chronic pain arises in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are multifaceted and involve a combination of neuroplastic changes, alterations in neurotransmitter signaling, and immunological processes.

This mind map was published on 2 December 2023 and has been viewed 47 times.