How is saltwater converted into freshwater?

Saltwater is converted into freshwater through a process known as desalination. There are various methods of desalination, but the most common ones include distillation and reverse osmosis. Distillation involves heating the saltwater until it vaporizes, leaving behind the salts, and then condensing the vapor into freshwater. On the other hand, reverse osmosis involves forcing the saltwater through a semipermeable membrane, which allows freshwater to pass through while blocking the salt ions. Both techniques require energy inputs, making desalination a bit costly and energy-intensive. However, desalination plants are increasingly being installed in coastal areas facing water scarcity as they provide a reliable source of freshwater.

This mind map was published on 17 October 2023 and has been viewed 106 times.